كيفية الحساب الحرارة النوعية (Q = mcΔT): الصيغة & Lab Examples
احسب heat, mass, specific heat, or ΔT with Q = mcΔT. Water examples, unit traps, and a free specific heat calculator for calorimetry.
What الحرارة النوعية Asks
Specific heat capacity c is how much heat energy it takes to raise one kilogram of a substance by one degree. Materials with a large c (like liquid water) store a lot of heat for a small temperature rise; materials with a small c heat up more easily.
The school formula is Q = m c ΔT. Q is heat in joules, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change.
If you already have three values and only need the fourth, open the free specific heat calculator first, then return here for rearrangements and unit traps.
The الصيغة and Rearrangements
A change of 1 °C equals a change of 1 K, so do not add 273 to ΔT. Absolute temperature (+273) is for gas laws, not for this ΔT.
Units
After a calorimetry lab, compare your experimental c to the accepted value with the percent error calculator.
الشغلed Examples
Example 1: heat 2.0 kg of water by 5.0 °C
c = 4186 J/(kg·°C). Q = (2.0)(4186)(5.0) = 41 860 J ≈ 41.86 kJ.
Example 2: find c from lab data
Q = 2500 J, m = 0.50 kg, ΔT = 10 °C. c = 2500 / (0.50 × 10) = 500 J/(kg·°C).
Example 3: aluminum ΔT
Q = 9000 J, m = 1.0 kg, c ≈ 900 J/(kg·°C). ΔT = 9000 / (1.0 × 900) = 10 °C.
أخطاء شائعة
Gas-state problems use P, V, T — not Q = mcΔT. For two gas states see the combined gas law calculator.
Check It on the Calculator
Specific heat calculator — Q = mcΔT.
Percent error calculator — lab accuracy of c.
Learn Q = mcΔT, then confirm every calorimetry number on the calculator.