계산 방법 비열 (Q = mcΔT): 공식 & Lab 예제

계산 heat, 질량, specific heat, or ΔT with Q = mcΔT. Water examples, unit traps, and a free specific heat calculator for calorimetry.

What 비열 Asks

Specific heat capacity c is how much heat 에너지 it takes to raise one kilogram of a substance by one degree. Materials with a large c (like liquid water) store a lot of heat for a small temperature rise; materials with a small c heat up more easily.

The school 공식 is Q = m c ΔT. Q is heat in joules, m is 질량, c is specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change.

If you already have three values and only need the fourth, open the free specific heat calculator first, then return here for rearrangements and unit traps.

The 공식 and Rearrangements

  • Q = m c ΔT — heat 에너지 in joules.
  • m = Q / (c ΔT) — 질량 in kilograms.
  • c = Q / (m ΔT) — specific heat in J/(kg·°C) or J/(kg·K).
  • ΔT = Q / (m c) — temperature change in °C or K.

    • A change of 1 °C equals a change of 1 K, so do not add 273 to ΔT. Absolute temperature (+273) is for gas laws, not for this ΔT.

    단위

  • Q → joules (J). Sometimes problems give kJ — convert to J (× 1000) before substituting.
  • m → kilograms (kg). If 질량 is in grams and c is per gram, stay consistent.
  • c → J/(kg·°C) or J/(kg·K). Liquid water is often ≈ 4186 J/(kg·°C) or 4.186 J/(g·°C).
  • ΔT → °C or K (same size for a change).

    • After a calorimetry lab, 비교 your experimental c to the accepted value with the percent error calculator.

    풀이 예제

    예제 1: heat 2.0 kg of water by 5.0 °C

    c = 4186 J/(kg·°C). Q = (2.0)(4186)(5.0) = 41 860 J ≈ 41.86 kJ.

    예제 2: find c from lab data

    Q = 2500 J, m = 0.50 kg, ΔT = 10 °C. c = 2500 / (0.50 × 10) = 500 J/(kg·°C).

    예제 3: aluminum ΔT

    Q = 9000 J, m = 1.0 kg, c ≈ 900 J/(kg·°C). ΔT = 9000 / (1.0 × 900) = 10 °C.

    흔한 실수

  • Adding 273 to ΔT as if it were an absolute temperature.
  • Mixing grams with a per-kilogram c (or the reverse).
  • Using ice or steam c when the problem is liquid water.
  • Leaving Q in kJ while c expects joules.

    • Gas-state problems use P, V, T — not Q = mcΔT. For two gas states see the combined gas law calculator.

    확인 It on the 계산기

    Specific heat calculator — Q = mcΔT.

    Percent error calculator — lab accuracy of c.

    Combined gas law calculator.

    Ideal gas law calculator.

    학습 Q = mcΔT, then confirm every calorimetry number on the calculator.

    문서

    • 탄성 위치 에너지 공식 (U = ½kx²): 계산기 & 예제
    • 계산 방법 전기 전력 (P = VI, I²R, V²/R)
    • 계산 방법 파동 속도 (v = fλ): 주파수 × 파장
    • 계산 방법 무게 (W = mg): 질량 vs 힘
    • 계산 방법 밀도 (ρ = m/V): 질량 ÷ Volume
    • 계산 방법 가속도 (a = (v − u)/t)

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